Pressure ulcers, commonly known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, especially over bony areas. They most often occur in people who are bedridden, chair-bound, or have limited mobility
Pressure ulcers develop when pressure, friction, or shear forces restrict blood flow to the skin and tissues. Risk factors include immobility, advanced age, poor nutrition, incontinence, and chronic illnesses. People with reduced sensation are especially at risk.
Pressure ulcers most commonly form over bony prominences such as the heels, hips, tailbone, elbows, shoulder blades, and back of the head. They can also develop under medical devices like oxygen masks, splints, or catheters.
Symptoms include changes in skin color or texture, pain, swelling, and open wounds. Complications can include infection, sepsis, and osteomyelitis. Severe ulcers can be life-threatening if not treated promptly
Diagnosis is based on physical examination and patient history. Healthcare providers assess the ulcer’s stage, size, depth, and signs of infection. Special attention is given to patients with limited mobility or chronic illnesses
Relieving pressure with special mattresses and frequent repositioning. Cleaning and dressing the wound. Debridement (removal of dead tissue). Antibiotics for infection. Surgery for severe cases. Nutritional support to promote healing
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Regular repositioning (every 2 hours for bedridden patients). Using pressure-relieving devices (special mattresses, cushions). Keeping skin clean and dry. Maintaining good nutrition and hydration. Monitoring skin daily for early signs of pressure damage
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Pressure ulcers (bedsores) are preventable injuries caused by prolonged pressure on the skin, especially in people with limited mobility. Early detection, proper wound care, and preventive measures are essential to avoid complications and promote healing.